![]() On-line SPE utilizing column-switching techniques is rapidly gaining acceptance in bioanalytical applications. Techniques such as dispersive solid-phase extraction, disposable pipette extraction and micro-extraction by packed sorbent offer a variety of extraction phases and provide unique advantages to bioanalytical methods. stir bar sorptive extraction, and their application in the development of selective and sensitive bioanalytical methods. ![]() Considerable literature has been published in the area of solid-phase micro-extraction and its different versions, e.g. Developments in SPE techniques such as selective sorbents and in the overall approach to SPE, such as hybrid SPE and molecularly imprinted polymer SPE, have been addressed. The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of novel sample preparation techniques in bioanalysis. Conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), protein precipitation (PP) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques are now been considered as methods of the past. This paper reviews the recent developments in bioanalysis sample preparation techniques and gives an update on basic principles, theory, applications and possibilities for automation, and a comparative discussion on the advantages and limitation of each technique.
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